不同土壤类型下灌溉方式对水稻产量形成及水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2018.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以常规粳稻南粳9108为试验材料，在壤土、黏土、砂土3种类型土壤下，自有效分蘖临界叶龄期开始分别设置轻度节水灌溉（-15kPa）、重度节水灌溉（-25kPa）处理，并以常规水层灌溉为对照（CK），探究不同土壤类型下不同灌溉方式对水稻产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，在壤土和黏土条件下，与CK相比，轻度节水灌溉、重度节水灌溉处理显著提高了水稻产量和水分利用效率，其中，轻度节水灌溉较CK分别增产13.89%和10.96%，重度节水灌溉分别增产7.02%和6.61%，水分利用效率轻度节水灌溉较CK分别提高32.0%和26.0%，重度节水灌溉较CK分别提高29.0%和26.0%；在砂土条件下，轻度节水灌溉和重度节水灌溉处理产量较CK明显下降，但水分利用效率提高，其中，轻度节水灌溉处理较CK减产5.67%、水分利用效率较CK提高18.0%，重度节水灌溉处理较CK减产11.22%、水分利用效率较CK提高21.0%。在壤土、黏土条件下，轻度节水灌溉能够提高地上部群体干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长速率和净同化率，从而提高产量，而砂土条件下节水灌溉降低了地上部群体干物质积累，最终导致减产。

关键词: 水稻, 土壤类型, 节水灌溉, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In order to discuss the influence of different irrigation methods on yield and water use efficiency of rice, an experiment was conducted in loam, clay, sand, using japonica rice Nangeng 9108 as material. The results showed that compared with the water layer irrigation treatment（CK）, mild water saving irrigation treatment（soil water potential -15kPa）and severe water saving irrigation treatment（soil water potential -25 kPa） significantly improved rice yield and water use efficiency in the condition of loam and clay, the grain yield of mild water saving irrigation treatment were increased by 13.89% and 10.96%, the grain yield of severe water saving irrigation treatment were increased by 7.02% and 6.61%, the water use efficiency of mild water saving irrigation treatment were increased by 32.0% and 26.0%, the water use efficiency of severe water saving irrigation treatment were increased by 29.0% and 26.0%, respectively; in the condition of sand, the yield of mild saving irrigation treatment and severe water saving irrigation treatment were significantly lower than CK, but the water use efficiency was improved, the yield of mild water-saving irrigation treatment was reduced by 5.67% compared with CK, water use efficiency was increased by 18.0%; the yield of severe water saving irrigation treatment was reduced by 11.22%, water use efficiency was increased by 21.0%. The results showed that in the condition of loam and clay, the mild water saving irrigation could increase the dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic potential, population growth rate and net assimilation rate of the aboveground population, eventually increase the grain yield.

Key words: rice, soil type, water saving irrigation, grain yield, water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S511.071

陈梦云,李晓峰,陈雨霏,任红茹,汪伟,荆培培,霍中洋*. 不同土壤类型下灌溉方式对水稻产量形成及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国稻米, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2018.03.003 .

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